Economic Impact Of Economic Freedom On Economic Growth

Introduction: In the last three decades the concept of economic freedom have dominated the economic theories as the best way to economic development, Many economists and politicians believe that economic freedom displays a significantly positive effect on economic growth, while others believe that the increased freedom will have a negative effects on economic growth. In addition, all of the international organizations such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) encourage developing countries to follow the freedom economic policies. â€Å"Basically, the myth is that America has been founded on the free market; the government has done very little; it has thrived under free trade. But actually, if you look at the history, this is actually the country that has succeeded most with protectionist policies† Ha-Joon. Consequently, some countries achieved good results and could improve their economies. However, others became in the terrible situation. This casts some doubts abou t the economic freedom as the perfect way to improve economic activities. Hypothesis The paper tries to show whether the economic freedom policy to improve economic activity in developing countries or not. Based on the economic theory, I offer the following hypothesis and alternative hypothesis: Hypothesis (H0) Economic freedom increases economic growth. Hypothesis (H1) Economic freedom does not increase economic growth. Methodology: In this paper, weShow MoreRelated economic Essay1701 Words   |  7 Pages Globalisation - Economic Growth and Development and development indicators. â€Å"Outline the differences between economic growth and economic development. Discuss how economic development may be measured. Outline how globalisation may impact upon a nation’s development. Where appropriate make reference to a relevant case study.† Although economic growth and development are similar in meaning, they have some essential differences. 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For example, the French revolution was partly caused by the rise of the middle class â €Å"Bourgeoisie† in the 18th century demanding moreRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 23 Things They Don t Tell You About Capitalism ``1638 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"95 per cent of economics is common sense made complicated† (Chang, 2011, p xviii). In his book, 23 Things They Don’t Tell You About Capitalism, Korean economist, Ha-Joon Chang, assaults economic orthodoxy and questions many theories and empirical facts that we take for granted. Written shortly after the ‘credit crunch’ of 2008, Chang argues that this economic crisis was created by the free-market ideology which has been dominant since the 1980s and attempts to remove our rose-tinted glasses thatRead MoreThe Development Of Liberalism After The Chinese Economic Reform And Open Up1708 Words   |  7 Pageselaborates the necessity of economic freedom to the formulation of liberalism. 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Reflection Paper The Bride - 2912 Words

Nicolas Krause COM 440 Reflection Paper Assignment Sasheen Mobley The bride to be, a forty-year-old graphic designer was about to be married for the first time, to a businessman. At her pastor s suggestion, she and her fiancà © filled out a questionnaire to measure the strengths and weaknesses of their relationship. 165 questions derived from John Gottman’s Four Horseman, on their personalities, backgrounds, values and aspirations. â€Å"How did you answer this question?† She asked him in the car afterward. And this? And this? Before the ride home ended, they had broken their engagement. This example of how powerful reflections is is a testament to John Gottman’s work. Whenever Mike McManus the founder of Marriage Savers, an organization that couples with churches to work with marriages, retells this story, audiences roar in approval. This is a success story, he says, and the kind of process we need more of. 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Managing Stakeholder Developing Sustainable -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Managing Stakeholder Developing Sustainable? Answer: Introducation The model helps in providing platform to deliver the different promises. The respective model helped in shaping different functions in international companies with the help of clear indications wherein it helps the organization in understanding the future priorities. During globalization, the model is helpful in delivering the organizational excellence in an effective manner. The HR department helps the organization in achieving the different goals in an effectual manner. The HR is able to tackle different kind of contributions towards the expertises such as becoming partner and helps in effectively performing the tasks. The HR is able to tackle the issues that is strategic in nature and it helps in supporting the financial goals (Wilton, 2016). Compensation under Ulrich Model is wherein benefits and compensation are aligned closely with other functions of HR such as selection, recruitment and training of employees. The employees who are valued in the organization share their different ideas and work hard in order to achieve goals. The employees are offered with different opportunities for the growth both personally and professionally (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). Performance Management under Ulrich Model is wherein HR needs to train the line managers for achieving high morale among employees. This is accomplished with the help of tools such as written reports and surveys of employees. It helps in emphasizing on educating the different managers about the reasons of low employee morale. It helps in increasing the efficiency and performance of the organization (Matos Silvestre, 2013). Talent Management under Ulrich Model is wherein companies require individuals who understand the business along with different theories and practices. There are times when such individuals are present in organization and additional training can be performed in an effectual manner. This will help and it will be beneficial for the company in the long-run (Matos Silvestre, 2013). Inclusive and Exclusive The inclusive and exclusive model of HRM is the important approach to the international talent management by the way of recruiting individuals to the skills. For the exclusive approach, the talent is only restricted to the group of professionals that is selected in nature. The nature of the particular procedure is exclusive and it targets a particular group of individuals that had passed through the selection that is differentiated in nature for identification of the talent as there are well-differentiated programs of talent management that is advanced in nature and they are in depth as well. This kind of group belongs to higher team of managers as they have high leadership skills along with capacity to manage their staffs that has not yet got into higher level of management in organizations (Chelladurai Kerwin, 2017). Compensation under Exclusive/Inclusive Model The inclusive approach related to compensation is best fit for the different organizations as the main aim is to foster the different employees well being and prioritising the different cohesion of workforce over competition. With respect to gender and race, the salaries that are provided to employees are on lower side with equal opportunities for promotion. On the other hand, under exclusive approach the compensation is excellent fit for different kind of organizations wherein the employees are rewarded for the exceptional performance and they accept unequal benefit allocation as well. High amount of salaries are offered in an effective manner such as expatriates that helps in contributing towards the success of the organization. Performance management under Exclusive/Inclusive Model Performance management under the inclusive approach includes wherein the individuals are heard, seen and engages them towards the achievement of organization. The performance appraisal is formally adopted in order to create room for different personal strengths, discussion along with achievements. Inclusive performance management is efficient in providing employees some ways in order to adjust the jobs, as this will give them opportunity in order to highlight their strengths. The organizations that are following such approach gains better performance. On the other hand, the companies that are following exclusive approach display the different employees who are having high kind of performance. They work as individuals and they are best employees generating income in a significant manner and are happily engaged. Talent Management under Inclusive/Exclusive model Talent management is effective in nature when it is aligned with culture of the different organizations. Inclusive talent management is grounded under assumption wherein they generate valuable talent and productivity is huge in nature. It helps in bringing the best from the employees and all employees perform their best in achieving the goals. The organizations who implement exclusive approach has to ensure that the company should not violate any written agreements for employees in form of rewards along with benefits. It helps in providing opportunities by fostering the level of motivation in them. Best Fit/Best Practices The term best practices refer to the execution of different set of methods during the process of production and this helps in adding value to the final results. This best practice is applicable in area of international HRM wherein the different tools are developed after analysis that is critical in nature of the different processes and is combined with routine of continuous improvement with elimination of different tools that is not required and improving the ones that will be best fit for the companies. The Pfeffer model is the good example of conjoint. This particular model includes seven HR practices that include security of job, selective kind of hiring, teams that are self-managed, proper training along with reduction of differentials in status and sharing of important information. The different best practices help in gaining competitive advantage by refining the performance of the organization. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best practice is the best kind of model to base the performance management in order to apply different measurements and this will support the employees in achieving best results. The same kind of approach is used for the talent management and it is seen that when the company uses the best practices, it will attract the entire labour market along with best professionals will be invited to their business. The different training practices will help in maintaining high quality of the work as well in the organizations. Therefore, the different compensation practices that are best in nature will help in reflecting in better kind of performance. The area of compensation is strategic and it requires adopting different kind of practices that will reflect psychological effect. Furthermore, there is no point in generating extra cost for organization, as this will not help in harvest any kind of good result. The result has to be in favour of the aspect of the organization. The mentality of the employees is required to be wherein they must feel that they are being paid for the efforts that have been provided by them for the success of the organizations. The strategy is linked with different kind of practices and the different information that has been mentioned above requires alignment of high level between the strategy of organization and Human Resource area. Both of them have to be designed in such a manner that will help in supporting the corporate strategy (Steffen et al., 2015). With alignment of the strategy of organization with the company is essential in nature, as the different actions that have been taken will involve all employees. In the context of international organizations, the different concepts have become significant in nature and the different further adjustments become significant in nature as well. Therefore, it can be seen that the model is linked closely with practices of HR along with individual and organizational performance of every employees. 1.2 Analysis of internationalisation of strategy of HRM and pathway to global status carried out by KiwiFurniture with reference to the relevant and current HRM practices and models- Localisation and Standardization Standardization is one of the strategies of human resource management where the different multinational companies use the structure that is standard in nature. In this, the different policies and practices are transferred and applied in a meticulous manner among different subsidiaries. It helps in inclusion of exportation of different methods along with procedures that will ensure consistency in the business that is international in nature and work in a same manner in different countries (Wilton, 2016). Furthermore, localization is defined as the concept that is completely opposite of the globalization wherein the different companies become more responsive to different demands and national differences (Matos Silvestre, 2013). While discussing about the compensation of international companies, scenario of inequity of standards of compensation by location is essential to evade the dissatisfaction that is global in nature. When an individual is working for international group, the different employees do not feel that they are compensated in a different manner unlike other companies in different locations, as this will cause dissatisfaction (Sparrow, Brewster Chung, 2016). b) Perlmutter's approach The different MNCs face different kind of crisis while appointing key position abroad. The approach helps in developing orientation of staff as ethnocentric, polycentric and geocentric that will help MNCs may chose for internationalization process. KiwiFurniture followed the approach that is polycentric in nature as the different managerial positions for recruitment, selection and development of the different employees. The HR worked with overall values and policies but in conjoint with the different local managers. The manufacturing structure of the respective organization named KiwiFurniture is globalized in nature and branches count with managers of local group are responsible largely for applying the strategies in a local manner. These are the different plans that are developed as well as shared by local team of management and it cooperates with strategic development However, robustness of ideas that is evaluated alongside the policy of KiwiFurniture as the different strategies that is offered needs to be associated with central institutional system. Similarly, this is applicable to the framework of human resources as the main aim will be standardization of plan and it will be evaluated in best kind of practices and it has to be aligned with different organizational strategies. Therefore, the HRM models that support strongly the visions of KiwiFurniture are the best practices/fit along with localization and standardization. In connection to localization, the role of the different local managers is providing knowledge in regards to the elements of environment with the presenting strategies of the managers. This will be shaped in accordance with the customs, domestic habits and culture. While implementation of new payment system that is based on performance is the model that is coherently, base the decision-making on equity theory. The particular approach helps in application of fair treatment and this helps in fair treatment and motivates the different individuals in the organization. The argument is based on different proportion of results along with inputs. In case of KiwiFurniture, the different contributions will be workforce and this would result in performance is proportional to the payment according to the implementation of new system. The approach is widely used in different public sector enterprises and the strategy of control of quality in manufacturing industry. The product quality is measured in terms with the conformance and specifications in order to check whether the product is meeting the quality standards. It is customer service oriented approach as well used by different 5 star hotels in order to prevent any such kind of error. The employees must be dedicated to the excellence commitment, as this will help the company to lead in an effective manner. KiwiFurniture follows the Quality approach right from starting as it is becoming well recognized in the international market by staying loyal to the customers. The main target of KiwiFurniture is to stay loyal to the different values of the firm and this will help them in receiving recognition in the market. However, the different shop owners along with brand ambassadors of KiwiFurniture go through the test of quality prior to selling different products and maintaining the different international standards. Results Approach The results approach helps in focusing on the managing different objectives, measuring job results and workgroup. This approach helps in assuming that subjectivity can be eliminated from process of measurement and results are indicator of the contributions of employees towards the achievement of objectives of the organizations. This strategy is one of the coherent strategies for different businesses and it is same for KiwiFurniture (Mackelprang Salsgiver, 2016). The organization that works with entire market has high rank of eminence and recognition in the entire worldwide market. Finally, the different qualitative measures are useful in evaluating performance management, as the different figures will help in setting up the business. Strategic equivalence applies to the novel system of pay in the respective organization and it requests vigorous system of planning that encompasses aspects of performance management system that is clear and productive in nature (Shen Benson, 2016). Validity is implied in performance management system that is planned by KiwiFurniture to adopt and it helps in measuring the performance. All the employees need to work in an effectual manner, as this will help in achieving best results that will be reflected on the wages. The measurement evaluation of performance and pay of 180-degree software has to be unbiased in nature, as this will produce results that are valid in nature. The principle of reliability in KiwiFurniture helps in implying reckonable consequences, as they are consistent than the biased kind of assessments. The different worldwide results are not the best basis in order to understand the performance of individuals, as there may be extensive and huge range of discrepancy among different worldwide branches of the KiwiFurniture. The principle of acceptability is reflected in response of different employees to system of payment that is new in nature. There can be chance that a small proportion of staffs that would reject implementation of payment system that is global performance based. The specificity utilizes the different measurable numbers on evaluation of performance and is feasible in nature for KiwiFurniture. In the process of incorporating change, which is from fixed pay to the performance management, it helps in providing the information that is specific in nature. There is different kind of education provided to the employees relating to changes and this will help in reducing the psychological impacts of implementation of the payment system that is global in nature will bring in the company (Stone et al., 2015). For example- KiwiFurniture followed the approach as the organization integrated the performance based pay system after the economic crisis in 2008. The company needs to ensure that the managers are congruent with employees in achieving the different goals. The other reason is that the respective company sell their products in ASEAN along with China as well. However, performance appraisal is the part of the system that will help the employees in performing their job duties in an effective manner. The main idea is to be more competent and efficient in comparison to other workforces. There are different kinds of recommendations for improving the current performance management program in the case of KiwiFurniture and it is outlined as follows: Application of 360 degree rating as the evaluation tool This particular tool helps in assessing the organizational environment level and this will help in bringing excellent results if trained employees apply the same. The director of organization along with staffs could help in contributing for process by adding the employees awareness with power of influence as this helps in preserving the image of the colleagues if significant in nature. In regards to the confidentiality, the data will be addressed in such a manner that the data has to be kept secretive in nature and this helps in improving the environment of organization in order to increase the productivity along with performance of employees in order to increase the competitiveness. a) Strategic Congruence is the approach wherein the role of jobs must watch the different strategic goals along with culture of the organization. The two major level of congruence are micro and macro congruence between internal and external structure of the organization. KiwiFurniture needs to maintain along with enhance the level of focus for growth along with expansion. b) Validity helps in assessing the relevant aspects of the performance of the jobs and the major aspects include the job behaviour and results. KiwiFurniture requires to follow the same as it is required in different job roles. The sales individuals need to focus on the approach, as right kind of attitude is required to be provided by the employees towards the customers. c) Reliability is the consistency and the different changes are expected in performance in an effective manner. The high degree of consistency is essential in nature as this helps in evaluating the performance of the subordinates. The superiors of KiwiFurniture has to be more consistent in nature in sharing the reports of progress and HR staff needs to monitor the performance in regular time frame and the feedback has to be collected accordingly. d) Specificity is the guidance to the employees in explanatory fashion relating to the expectations from the job and they help in achieving the goals. In order to be more specific on the performance of employees, it helps in providing effectiveness and provide powerful feedback. This will be the final kind of recommendation as the integration of the performance related pay system requires sales targets. Selling the furniture of high quality requires strategies of sales to handle different kind of customers. The target of the different sale staffs has to be justified in nature as this will help the employees in performing well. Elaboration of indicator of measurable activity with energy consumption and balance time for employees The proper ranking will help in identifying the performance of different employees as per the emotional and financial awards that includes the stay with family and friends at beautiful place and get involved with different pleasant activities. It helps in creating environment of justice along with healthy competitiveness wherein the different workers endeavour to be amongst best placed as well as gain recognition for themselves. In both of these situations, family and work balance is essential in nature in order to reduce the impact of routine as imbalance leads to relocation of the different staffs. The different awards that will be provided to employees are based on their luck and not on the performance. The performance of the employees will have no influence on awards and in such cases; any of the staffs can be promoted to sense of justice within the different staffs. Creation of training program on leadership focused on equalizing ability of staffs in performance management A feeling of trust is implemented within different employees when the employees perceive that leaders of company act in uniform manner. However, the employees would prefer working on different teams as their leaders are independently working and operating. There are employees who have started believing that they are not working in correct place as there is lack of common sense and managerial practices and this includes drop in the performance. The training program of leadership helps in including benchmark that is technical of area, group along with brainstorming with systematic formalization of different ideas for evaluation in depth. Finally, this will include psychological and technical aspects of the leadership that will be achieved with guidance of expert with development of performance management practices as this can be used in uniform manner. In order to implement different global payment system that is based on performance in major markets in New Zealand, France and Japan, KiwiFurniture needs to consider cultural and institutional aspects: a) Power Distance- this dimension helps in reflecting to understand which countries with high power distance are characterized in an effective manner by hierarchically structured society and lower power distance helps in analyzing the standard of equality for all individuals KiwiFurniture in NZ has to consult with employees as well as senior managers before integration of the performance management as per Hofstede; NZ is nation with low power distance. Therefore, before implementation of performance pay system, the company requires to follow the information in direct and informal manner failing which this will lead to integration system that is challenging in nature. However, Japanese are conscious in nature relating to hierarchical position and not like other Asian countries. France is moderately high in the power distance. Therefore, KiwiFurniture needs to accept that there is high level of inequality and inaccessibility between the different goals that is accepted. The issue can be resolved in an effective manner by letting proper flow of ambassadors and senior managers as per the diversification of the roles of the individuals position. b) Uncertainty Avoidance- this dimension deals with fact that future cannot be predicted and it helps in showing extent wherein members of different culture feel threatened in nature of different kind of situations that is unknown in nature and the actions need to avoid such circumstances. NZ is the lower midway stage of uncertainty avoidance and therefore such issue is there is no such expectation from employees to prefer goals that is individual in nature at higher level. In order to resolve the same, KiwiFurniture needs to avoid such high expectations from the NZ market, as this company would not prefer taking different risks and they would not prefer different kind of circumstances that is unfortunate in nature (Liu et al., 2017). They should focus on individual targets; however, France and Japan are on larger side of dimension and herein KiwiFurniture needs to consider structure that is well planned in such countries. Japanese cover different kind of risks and France do not as surprises and they like to plan beforehand (Stone Deadrick, 2015). Part 2- Two institutional aspects that KiwiFurniture has to consider before implementing in NZ, Japan along with in France a) Gender wage and performance pay gap- the issues in Japan is that the performance pay gap has huge effect on the workers related to white collars as they are not involved in this kind of systems. There are differences in promotions of women and men and this is the gender gap issue. KiwiFurniture needs to implement guidelines for whom to involve in the performance pay before integration (Liu et al., 2017). Furthermore, NZ will never accept salary of employees based on gender, but this will be considered as proper practice for employees and employers to have some feedback criteria on performance based system. France has the own system of obligatory kind of pay and issue of profit sharing in a voluntary manner. It will be mandatory that requirement of profit sharing is essential in organizations wherein there are 50 employees. Therefore, KiwiFurniture needs to execute different agreements as to distribute profits to different employees and the other issue is gender gap wherein it is 1 5.5% in France and this can be resolved by being biased in performance based profits (Knowles, Holton III Swanson, 2014). b) Labor Union- Japan has unionization among the workers who are non-regular in nature. The labor union membership of part-time workers has not been expanded and considering the performance based system of pay KiwiFurniture needs to expect different low-level employees as the part time workers (Ellinger Ellinger, 2014). Therefore, the company considers different difficult targets at such level. The French Unions has provided chances to employers and organizations as this is making them easier in nature to hire as well as fire. The firms who have less than 20 staffs can negotiate in direct manner with employees who are working on terms and conditions. Therefore, respective company must take different decisions on number of workforce working in organization in France. The best part in NZ is it used to be unionized nations and integration of pay system based on performance should not have many issues in NZ. The two change management philosophies to improve the performance of organization in NZ, Japan and France that can be implemented by KiwiFurniture are as follows: a) Kotters 8 step process is relevant in nature as it revives performance and this will transform the strategy to bring in the necessary kind of changes. The eight steps are as follows: Organizational change is the kind of process that is complex due to the intrinsic factors such as change in process, strategy and culture (Marchington, 2015). The process is even complicated when it is applied in business that is operating in the long-term process (Armstrong Taylor, 2014). In the case of KiwiFurniture, it has been operating for 100 years that means the resistance can be applied when the change is proposing in the business traditions. In such case, the different traditions apply to the payment system wherein the different workers exchange the labour laws without including the error in performance. Therefore, when KiwiFurniture wants to implement global pay system that is based on performance in Japan, France and New Zealand, they have to consider different lines of thinking as to understand and perform the improvement in performance of the organization. The major drawbacks in the performance based pay system is that staffs need to analyse that individual efforts will not help in improving the performance, however the efforts of the entire group is required in order to improve the performance. New Zealand When considering the proper implementation of the global performance pay based system in NZ, Kotters model of the change management is apt model as it is systematic, procedural, systematic and pragmatic approaches. The community of New Zealand helps in valuing life quality relating the purchasing power along with material acquisition to meet the needs of the individuals by offering different benefits such as education and health. However, the performance based payment system did not suit cultural and institutional aspects. Therefore, in order to implement the global performance payment based system, KiwiFurniture should perform the change management with Kotters eight stages that included establishing a sense of urgency, forming a guiding coalition, creating a vision, communicating that vision, empowering individuals to act and removing obstacles, creating short-term wins, consolidating improvements and creating more change, and institutionalizing new approaches. These steps support the change in organization and KiwiFurniture needs to apply it sequentially. The respective model will help KiwiFurniture in order to achieve results that is satisfactory in nature with implementation of the pay system that is novel in nature. When the sequence is changed or missed, it will be waste of time as the performance based pay system includes higher cost as the implementation process along with payment of wages is dependent on group performance (Panther et al., 2017). The other interesting model is the McKinsey model and it is practical as Kotters model as the organization will work on measuring performance of workers under different aspects that includes structure", "strategy", "systems", "skills", "style", "staff", and "shared values" (Boons Ldeke-Freund, 2013). The individual staffs has to perform in an effective manner under different standards in an effective manner and McKinsey model helps in guaranteeing success of the performance based payment system (Boons et al., 2013). The context of France is similar as NZ in the implementation of the performance based payment system. It is seen that suitable kind of philosophies in addition to Kotter and McKinseys seven-step model, the five stages of the Kubler-Ross is applicable. The respective model is a complementary model can be used with conjunction of the Kotters and McKinseys model as both of them focuses on organizational aspects. The psychological process will be handled by Kubler-Ross model by preparing the employees to cope with different times that are difficult (Boons et al., 2013). As France has weak culture of performance in comparison to other countries, the global performance based payment system will be shock to them and Kubler-Ross model will help in coping with such changes. On the other hand, Kubler-Ross will not be able to cope with changes, as there will be lack of focus. The five stages include denial; anger; bargaining, depression; and acceptance and in such context the respective model will help in deploying tool to reduce such psychological shock (Albrecht et al., 2015). The implementation of the new performance based pay system is different from NZ and France as the standards of performance is high in this country. The formulation of competitive groups and competitiveness help in making pillars for the rates of high performance and people are predictable in nature. Therefore, straightforward model of the change management is required as the system is in place in an effective manner. Japan is the country wherein individuals are focused on work along with performance and implementing the performance based pay system is not a drastic change. As per the model of Bridges, transition that helps in addressing the staffs emotional aspects of the change in process. However, the same process can be fragile and forbeing discovered at the level of implementation (Bakker Demerouti, 2014). . According to Roger's technology adoption model, the proposal helps in following the same reasoning line as the transition model of Bridges (Russell et al., 2016). This model is less complicated in nature in comparison to other models and like Kotters model, it is focusing on psychological aspects. It is not a model that is robust in nature but it is suitable for KiwiFurniture in Japan, but the fragility of the model can be disadvantageous in nature (Brewster, Houldsworth, Sparrow Vernon, 2016). The appropriate philosophies are least complex as the most complicate kind of theories helps in understanding necessities. Therefore, the models will be used are Bridge's transition model and Roger's technology adoption model. References Albrecht, S. L., Bakker, A. B., Gruman, J. A., Macey, W. H., Saks, A. M. (2015). Employee engagement, human resource management practices and competitive advantage: An integrated approach.Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance,2(1), 7-35. Armstrong, M., Taylor, S. (2014).Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E. (2014). 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(2014). Talent management in China and India: A comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,49(2), 225-235. (Cooke, Saini Wang, 2014) Dong, Y., Bartol, K. M., Zhang, Z. X., Li, C. (2017). Enhancing employee creativity via individual skill development and team knowledge sharing: Influences of dual?focused transformational leadership.Journal of Organizational Behavior,38(3), 439-458. Ellinger, A. E., Ellinger, A. D. (2014). Leveraging human resource development expertise to improve supply chain managers' skills and competencies.European Journal of Training and Development,38(1/2), 118-135. Jackson, S. E., Schuler, R. S., Jiang, K. (2014). An aspirational framework for strategic human resource management.The Academy of Management Annals,8(1), 1-56. Kay, J. E., Deser, C., Phillips, A., Mai, A., Hannay, C., Strand, G., ... Holland, M. (2015). The Community Earth System Model (CESM) large ensemble project: A community resource for studying climate change in the presence of internal climate variability.Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society,96(8), 1333-1349. Knowles, M. S., Holton III, E. F., Swanson, R. A. (2014).The adult learner: The definitive classic in adult education and human resource development. Routledge. Kramar, R. (2014). Beyond strategic human resource management: is sustainable human resource management the next approach?.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(8), 1069-1089. Liu, D., Gong, Y., Zhou, J., Huang, J. C. (2017). Human resource systems, employee creativity, and firm innovation: The moderating role of firm ownership.Academy of Management Journal,60(3), 1164-1188. Lussier, R. N., Hendon, J. R. (2018).Human resource management: Functions, applications, and skill development. Sage publications. Mackelprang, R. W., Salsgiver, R. (2016).Disability: A diversity model approach in human service practice. Oxford University Press. Maltz, E., Bi, H. H., Bateman, M. (2016). Benchmarking sustainability performance: the next step in building sustainable business models.Journal of Public Affairs. Marchington, M. (2015). Human resource management (HRM): Too busy looking up to see where it is going longer term?.Human Resource Management Review,25(2), 176-187. Matos, S., Silvestre, B. S. (2013). Managing stakeholder relations when developing sustainable business models: the case of the Brazilian energy sector.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 61-73. Panther, S. G., Allen, R. A., Brantner, K., Jefferson, C. G., Murphy, N. L., Robinson, J. D. (2017). Developing Student Pharmacist Leadership Skills Through Core Curricular Modules Addressing the Triple Aim Goals.American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, ajpe6764. Russell, Z. A., Ferris, G. R., Thompson, K. W., Sikora, D. M. (2016). Overqualified human resources, career development experiences, and work outcomes: Leveraging an underutilized resource with political skill.Human Resource Management Review,26(2), 125-135. Schalock, R. L., Verdugo, M., Lee, T. (2016). A systematic approach to an organizations sustainability.Evaluation and program planning,56, 56-63. Shen, J., Benson, J. (2016). When CSR is a social norm: How socially responsible human resource management affects employee work behavior.Journal of Management,42(6), 1723-1746. Small, A., Gist, D., Souza, D., Dalton, J., Magny-Normilus, C., David, D. (2016). Using Kotter's change model for implementing bedside handoff: A quality improvement project.Journal of nursing care quality,31(4), 304-309. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016).Globalizing human resource management. Routledge. Steffen, W., Richardson, K., Rockstrm, J., Cornell, S. E., Fetzer, I., Bennett, E. M., ... Folke, C. (2015). Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet.Science,347(6223), 1259855. Stone, D. L., Deadrick, D. L. (2015). Challenges and opportunities affecting the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,25(2), 139-145. Stone, D. L., Deadrick, D. L., Lukaszewski, K. M., Johnson, R. (2015). The influence of technology on the future of human resource management.Human Resource Management Review,25(2), 216-231. Wilton, N. (2016).An introduction to human resource management. Sage.

Mental Health free essay sample

Mental health is all about how we think, feel and behave. It refers to our cognitive, and/or our emotional wellbeing. It describes a sense of wellbeing. Mental health ‘problems’ or ‘difficulties’ are terms used to describe temporary reactions to a painful event, stress, or systems of drug or alcohol use, lack of sleep or physical illness. It can also be used to describe long-term psychiatric conditions, which may have significant effects on an individual’s functioning. Some of the most common mental health problems are; anxiety, depression, psychosis, mania, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, OCD. A qualified clinician should only diagnose such conditions. Anxiety and depression feature as the two most common reasons for people to consult their doctor. There are two sides of mental health, which we all may experience. One side is relatively mild anxieties and frustration associated with everyday life, the other side is having severe problems affecting mood and the ability to think and communicate rationally. We will write a custom essay sample on Mental Health or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This essay will discuss three mental illnesses: Schizophrenia, Munchausen Syndrome and Bipolar Disorder. It includes the sign and symptoms, cause, the affect on an individual, possible treatments and their strength and weaknesses. I choose schizophrenia and bipolar disorder because their one of the most common serious mental disorders (illnesses). And third I chose for Munchausen Syndrome because as a serious mental disorder it is also very interesting, which researchers are still trying to figure out the cause for someone to desire playing the sick role that they develop Munchausen syndrome. Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is the most common psychotic disorder and it is a very complex illness. Whether or not schizophrenia is a single disorder or a group of related illnesses has yet to be fully determined. It usually appears for the first time in a person during their (late) teens or their twenties. It affects more men than women and is considered as a life-long condition that rarely is cured, but treated. People with schizophrenia often have a different idea of what is real and what is not. This can cause problems with behaviour, thinking, emotions and motivation. The sufferers have thoughts that appear fragmented and find it hard to process information. Schizophrenia can have negative or positive symptoms. Positive symptoms include delusions, thought disorders and hallucinations. Negative symptoms include withdrawal, lack of motivation, poor personal hygiene and a flat or inappropriate mood. Other symptoms include hearing voices, paranoid thoughts, agitated or bizarre behaviour and extreme emotional states. The exact cause of schizophrenia is still unknown, although there are many things that have influence on the condition. According to scientist, both life experiences and the biology of the brain and body play an important role. Schizophrenia is partly genetic, which passes within families, and can also be triggered by a trauma. This illness changes the person’s life and makes it hard to have healthy relationships and communicate with people. Schizophrenia is usually treated by medication, which affect the brain, and by training people with psychotherapy to understand their thoughts and behaviour. There is no cure for the illness, and while medication helps control the psychosis, delusions and hallucinations, it cannot help a person learn to be effective in social relationships, coping skills and help learn to communicate with others. Following the medications is also one of the largest problems because people who live with this disorder often go off of their medication. Therefore the person depends on life-long treatment of both drugs and psychosocial, support therapies. About one out of every ten people with schizophrenia commits suicide. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder, also known as manic depression, causes serious shifts in mood, energy, thinking, and behaviour and goes from the highs of mania on one extreme, to the lows of depression on the other. Mania is when a person’s brain goes into a high energy state. Everyone has off and on days but the cycles of bipolar disorder last for days, weeks or months. Unlike ordinary mood swings, the mood changes of bipolar disorder are so intense that they interfere with your ability to function. During a manic episode a person might impulsively quit a job, spend huge amounts of money or feel rested after sleeping two hours. During a depressive episode, the same person might be too tired to get out of bed and might experience a feeling of self-loathing and hopelessness. Although the causes of bipolar disorder aren’t completely clear, it is known that it often runs in families. Problems with chemicals in the brain that help control moods may play a role. It can change the person’s life drastically. The first symptoms usually occur in the teenage years or early adulthood. The symptoms include sadness, feeling of worthlessness; changes in sleep changes in eating, anhedonia and suicidal behaviour. The symptoms vary widely in their pattern, severity, and frequency. Some people are more prone to either mania or depression, while others stay equally cycling between the two types of episodes. The symptoms of bipolar disorder can be treated but there is no known cure. Although long term counselling is a very important part of the treatment, it can often be very challenging. It is hard for people with this disorder to have a good relationship with the therapist/counsellor. There are medications that can help treat the depression or help control moods. The return of symptoms is a common problem, which is called relapse. The treatment can be very hard, and it can take years to get better, but if treated well, most people improve over time. Munchausen Syndrome Munchausen syndrome is a serious mental disorder in which someone with a deep need for attention, pretends to be sick or gets sick or injured on purpose. People with Munchausen syndrome usually make up symptoms, push for risky operations, or try to manipulate laboratory test results to win sympathy and concern. Munchausen syndrome belongs to a group of conditions called factitious disorders, that are either made up or self caused on purpose. Symptoms of Munchausen syndrome revolve around faking or producing illness or injury in order to get attention for the emotional needs. People with Munchausen do everything to avoid getting caught in their deception, that’s why it’s difficult to notice that their symptoms are actually part of a serious mental disorder. Some symptoms are dramatic stories about numerous medical problems, frequent hospitalizations, vague or inconsistent symptoms, and eagerness to undergo frequent testing or risky operations. To this day there’s little evidence that biology or genetics plays a role in Munchausen syndrome. Researchers are still searching for a cause. There are some risk factors, including childhood trauma, such as emotional, physical or sexual abuse, or a serious illness during childhood, a relative with a serious illness, or personality disorders. Munchausen syndrome affects people strongly. They have such deep emotional needs that they’re willing to risk their lives to be seen as ill. Treating Munchausen is often difficult and there are no standard therapies for the condition. This is because people with Munchausen often want to be in the sick role, so they’re unwilling to seek treatment. If treated, the treatment often focuses on managing the condition, rather than trying to cure it. Treatment includes psychotherapy and behaviour counselling. It’s very hard to treat if the patient keeps making up symptoms. People with Munchausen don’t fake illnesses to achieve a benefit such as finance, but for the attention. In conclusion you could say that mental illnesses can take many forms, just as physical illnesses do. They are feared and misunderstood by many people, but the fear disappears as people learn more about them. It is said that everyone suffers from a kind of schizophrenia, but luckily not in the extreme way. Thanks to medication it can make life of the sufferer and his/her family easier. Bipolar disorder is also one of the common disorders with good treatments if followed. Munchausen is a rare mental illness, but just as serious, with unfortunately not enough treatment.

Analytical Essay Sample on Utopia by Thomas More

Analytical Essay Sample on Utopia by Thomas More In Thomas More’s Utopia, a fictional scenario is laid out where More meets a man named Hythloday who tells the tale of the land of Utopia. Structured in government and daily activities, Utopia is supposed to be an ideal land inhabited by ideal people, and by the way Hythloday vividly describes it, it seems to be so. More, portrayed as more or less as fictional a character as Hythloday in this prose piece, takes in all of the information presented to him, and becomes very intrigued by the land of Utopia. More then wrote a fictional prefatory letter from the More in Utopia to Peter Giles, who was also fictionally portrayed in Utopia as the man who introduces More to Hythloday, discussing the book he had recently finished on the island of Utopia. In this letter, More comments about the publication of this book, both concerned about the public reaction and Hythloday’s personal reaction. He also makes general comments about his dedication to the book, due to external element s. More, the author, realizing the possible inconsistencies that could be raised in Utopia, wrote this letter to cover them up, allowing the reader to enjoy his text without nitpicking the details. The first thing that must be realized to understand the prefatory letter is that readers of Utopia originally thought it was a real place. This letter to Peter Giles inflates that lie, making the story of Utopia even more believable to readers. Not only that, but it covers up inconsistencies that could be found by critical readers. More furthers the image of the meeting between him and Hythloday, and even asks Peter Giles to contact Hythloday for him. He also speaks of actual characters, such as John Clement. With the real characters, and More’s ability to write fiction with a straight face, he makes the land of Utopia and his letter to be fact in the real world. This facilitates him in covering up inconsistencies. Some possible inconsistencies in Utopia could be covered up by the part of More’s letter where he explains the time restrictions he was under. He explains that â€Å"the task was rendered almost impossible by my many other obligations† (109). More is a lawyer, and is dedicated to his work in public service. Furthermore, he is a family man, and needs to spend time with his loved ones, as he considers them â€Å"part of my business, since they have to be done unless a man wants to be a stranger in his own house† (109). With that being said, More explains that the time he dedicated to writing Utopia was a sacrifice from time that he otherwise would have been eating or sleeping. This raises the issue of his recollection of the story, as a year is a long time, and facts can be remembered and forgotten easily in that time period. The entire text is based around recollection of the facts, as it is supposed to be â€Å"More’s experience,† and if the facts a re distorted, the book is a failure. The letter, though, clears up any of this, and allows the reader (assuming under the impression that Utopia is a real place), to read the book without a fine-toothed comb, and take it for what it is. Furthermore, More, in the letter, is concerned with the accuracy of the facts he presents. Not with their factuality, per say, but more along the lines of how Hythloday described it. More’s apprentice, John Clement, points out that the bridge over the Anyder at Amaurot is not as long as Hythloday had said. While More would like the book to be correct, he is more concerned with being true to what Hythloday. â€Å"In short, I would rather be truthful than correct† (110). If More is writing a book about Utopia for the public, it would serve his audience much better to be accurate to the facts of Utopia. If his intentions are to retell the tale of Hythloday, then his word is much more powerful than fact, if the two contradict. Throughout the letter, though, it becomes clear that More’s intent in Utopia is to be the telling of Hythloday’s tale, whether it be fact or fiction. This would be made consistent when More becomes concerned with Hythloday’s react ion to the publication, and the fact that he would like Hythloday to read it over and correct any falsities that appear in the text. More, all in all, though, states that he is confident with his recollection of the facts, but wants to be meticulous about his writing. Reaction seems to be More’s main concern in the letter, both public reaction and that of Hythloday. As for the public, More says that he is â€Å"still of two minds whether I should publish the book or not† (111). Most of the concerns expressed here are with the reaction of the public to his book. The land of Utopia is a super-efficient, almost ideal world, and should be taken in well by readers, as they can take in the ideas of Utopians and adopt them to their own world. On the other hand, More’s main concern with the public most likely stems from his initial conversation with Hythloday. During the course of that conversation, Hythloday told of how he served in the King’s court, and tried to apply his vast knowledge of the world upon the court, but was turned away, as he did not stay consistent with the political views of the King. For instance, Hythloday’s proposition on what to do with thieves. The current penalty, supported by the king, is death . Hythloday, however, believes that the severity of this penalty does not match that of the crime. Therefore, he suggests a new method of punishment, more along the lines of the Utopians, but is shot down. This is due to Hythloday’s ideas being a change to the system which everyone is familiar with, and people cherish familiarity; change scares them. This can be applied to the public reaction. People of the time, familiar with the then current rules and penalties, may find Utopia to be offensive, as in a way it undermines the system of government installed currently. Utopia is presented as a superior society, and people may become offended when it is suggested that their way is inefficient, while these Utopians, whom no one reading the book obviously have never heard of, are considered to be of a greater people. Another concern of More’s concerning the reaction to the book is the general public cynicism that comes with many authors. More leads a life committed to public service, as exemplified in his career as a lawyer and the amount of time he devotes to it. He is writing this book to further his service to the public, telling them a tale of a place like no one has ever hear of before. To be criticized and sometimes laughed at is the fate of all books, but more so with Utopia. It is not every day that a book is written about a place that no one has heard of, making this an important text. More wishes it not to be laughed at, as his book is serious (or so he would have us believe). He also does not want the book to be unappreciated as, he says, a guest who enjoys a full meal and leaves without thanking the host. None of these reasons seem compelling enough to deter publication, but they are placed in the letter to create sympathy from the reader. He knows that these are generally the reactions of the public, and he is preempting them. The critics are described unflatteringly. People reading the book would not want to be considered in that regard, therefore may take the reading of Utopia more seriously. There are other inconsistencies that More leaves out of his letter, though, or addresses indirectly. First, he asks Peter Giles to contact Hythloday about the specific location of the island of Utopia, as he bemoans the fact that it slipped his mind to ask him at their meeting. More is a very educated, intelligent man, as he had proven throughout his lifetime. When a place that is fascinating and unique is described, it is almost reaction to ask where this place is located. Since there is no actual Utopia, More leaves this out of the text. In the letter, though, he expresses his concern for knowing where Utopia is. This covers up the inconsistency somewhat, preempting the reader, but still leaves a trace of non-believability. Furthermore, it appears odd that More has to ask Peter Giles to contact Hythloday for him. More is engrossed with Hythloday, himself and his tale, in the story, and it would seem normal for More to make a formal contact with Hythloday. This is not done, obviousl y. More also did not take the time to visit Utopia before writing a book about it. True, his career takes up the bulk of his time, and his family and studies the rest, but there is always time for vacation, especially since it took a year for More to complete his book. This is further covered up by More saying the book is intended to be a retelling of Hythloday’s tale, but the fact remains that the book would be ultimately better off had More visited Utopia prior to completion. It seems odd that More would go through the trouble to write about a place he had never been to, only heard of, with as much passion as he did. More also seemingly expresses no desire to visit Utopia even after publication, but he states that a friend of his whom he has told the story of Utopia to wishes to visit it. There are many more reasons for More to visit this island than one of his friends or colleagues, yet there is no expressed desire on his part at all. The prefatory letter from Thomas More to Peter Giles not only inflates the believability of the story, but covers up inconsistencies that could be found by the reader. More explains in full the process in which he undertook in the writing of Utopia and the comments and concerns he had after he completed it. Peter Giles is one of his most esteemed friends, and was present for the telling of the Utopian tale, making him an excellent source to send a letter of concern to regarding the book. Giles is familiar with the situation, and has a formal contact with Hythloday. Throughout the letter, More expresses various concerns he has with the content of the text he has produced and the repercussions of publishing it. All in all, it seems as if More is satisfied with what he has done, but is simply seeking further approval. The letter’s main intent, taken with the knowledge that the entire story is a fabrication, is to ease the reader’s doubts about Utopia and allow them to take it in as a real, ideal place.

Mercutio Monologues From Romeo and Juliet

Mercutio Monologues From Romeo and Juliet Not to criticize Shakespeare, but the play Romeo and Juliet should feature a little less Friar Lawrence  and a little more Mercutio. You could argue that this funny, furious character should have gotten his very own play, but instead, he gets killed off (spoiler!) at the beginning of Act Three! Still, we can rejoice in the few excellent Mercutio moments and monologues. The Queen Mab Monologue In Mercutios best and lengthiest monologue, often called The Queen Mab Speech, the jovial supporting character chides Romeo, claiming that he has been visited by a fairy queen, one that makes men desire things best left unattained. In Romeos case, he is still pining for Rosaline. Little does he realize that he will soon fall for Juliet. When performing the following monologue, actors often begin very playfully, but as the speech continues, touching upon corruption and war, Mercutio becomes more frenzied and intense. MERCUTIO: O, then I see Queen Mab hath been with you.She is the fairies midwife, and she comesIn shape no bigger than an agate stoneOn the forefinger of an alderman,Drawn with a team of little atomiesOver mens noses as they lie asleep;Her wagon spokes made of long spinners legs,The cover, of the wings of grasshoppers;Her traces, of the smallest spider web;Her collars, of the moonshines watry beams;Her whip, of crickets bone; the lash, of film;Her wagoner, a small grey-coated gnat,Not half so big as a round little wormPricked from the lazy finger of a maid;Her chariot is an empty hazelnut,Made by the joiner squirrel or old grub,Time out o mind the fairies coachmakers.And in this state she gallops night by nightThrough lovers brains, and then they dream of love;Oer courtiers knees, that dream on curtsies straight;Oer lawyers fingers, who straight dream on fees;Oer ladies lips, who straight on kisses dream,Which oft the angry Mab with blisters plagues,Because their breaths with sweetmea ts tainted are.Sometimes she gallops oer a courtiers nose,And then dreams he of smelling out a suit;And sometimes comes she with a tithe-pigs tailTickling a parsons nose as a lies asleep,Then dreams he of another benefice.Sometimes she driveth oer a soldiers neck,And then dreams he of cutting foreign throats,Of breaches, ambuscadoes, Spanish blades,Of healths five fathom deep; and then anonDrums in his ear, at which he starts and wakes,And being thus frighted, swears a prayer or twoAnd sleeps again. This is that very MabThat plats the manes of horses in the nightAnd bakes the elflocks in foul sluttish hairs,Which once untangled much misfortune bodes.This is the hag, when maids lie on their backs,That presses them and learns them first to bear,Making them women of good carriage.This is she!(Romeo interrupts, and then the monologue concludes:) True, I talk of dreams,Which are the children of an idle brain,Begot of nothing but vain fantasy,Which is as thin of substance as the airAnd mo re inconstant than the wind, who woosEven now the frozen bosom of the north,And, being angerd, puffs away from thence,Turning his face to the dew-dropping south. Mercutio Describes Tybalt In this scene, Mercutio explains the personality and combat techniques of Tybalt, Juliets deadly cousin. By the end of the speech, Romeo walks in, and Mercutio begins to chastise the young man. MERCUTIO: More than prince of cats, I can tell you. O, he isthe courageous captain of compliments. He fights asyou sing prick-song, keeps time, distance, andproportion; rests me his minim rest, one, two, andthe third in your bosom: the very butcher of a silkbutton, a duellist, a duellist; a gentleman of thevery first house, of the first and second cause:ah, the immortal passado! the punto reverso! the hai!The pox of such antic, lisping, affectingfantasticoes; these new tuners of accents! By Jesu,a very good blade! a very tall man! a very goodwhore! Why, is not this a lamentable thing,grandsire, that we should be thus afflicted withthese strange flies, these fashion-mongers, theseperdona-mis, who stand so much on the new form,that they cannot at ease on the old bench? O, theirbones, their bones!Without his roe, like a dried herring: flesh, flesh,how art thou fishified! Now is he for the numbersthat Petrarch flowed in: Laura to his lady was but akitchen-wench; marry, she had a better l ove tobe-rhyme her; Dido a dowdy; Cleopatra a gypsy;Helen and Hero hildings and harlots; Thisbe a greyeye or so, but not to the purpose. SigniorRomeo, bon jour! theres a French salutationto your French slop. You gave us the counterfeitfairly last night. Mercutio and Benvolio In this next scene, Mercutio demonstrates his genius for mockery. Everything he complains about regarding his friend Benvolios character does not apply to the young man. Benvolio is agreeable and good-natured throughout the play. Mercutio is the one most likely to pick a quarrel for no good reason! Some might say that Mercutio is actually describing himself. MERCUTIO: Thou art like one of those fellows that when heenters the confines of a tavern claps me his swordupon the table and says God send me no need ofthee! and by the operation of the second cup drawsit on the drawer, when indeed there is no need.BENVOLIO: Am I like such a fellow?MERCUTIO: Come, come, thou art as hot a Jack in thy mood asany in Italy, and as soon moved to be moody, and assoon moody to be moved.BENVOLIO: And what to?MERCUTIO: Nay, an there were two such, we should have noneshortly, for one would kill the other. Thou! why,thou wilt quarrel with a man that hath a hair more,or a hair less, in his beard, than thou hast: thouwilt quarrel with a man for cracking nuts, having noother reason but because thou hast hazel eyes: whateye but such an eye would spy out such a quarrel?Thy head is as fun of quarrels as an egg is full ofmeat, and yet thy head hath been beaten as addle asan egg for quarrelling: thou hast quarrelled with aman for coughing in the street, because he hat hwakened thy dog that hath lain asleep in the sun:didst thou not fall out with a tailor for wearinghis new doublet before Easter? with another, fortying his new shoes with old riband? and yet thouwilt tutor me from quarrelling!

Comprehensive case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Comprehensive case analysis - Essay Example Gold has towards its workers include maintaining ethical conduct in its workplace and most vitally prohibit the devastating financial implications imposing adverse impact on the families of such workers (Nkomo et al., 2007). The challenges relating to human resource that the US based firms generally face when they globalize include problems related to hiring as well as retaining their respective potential workers and most vitally forming a globalized workforce (Commonwealth of Australia, 2011; Goldsmith, 2008). If I would have been in the place of Goldstone, I would have designed such an effective policy based on which the adverse financial implications on the families of the workers in the firm are mitigated by a considerable degree. In this similar context, such policies would also ensure better pays as well as other benefits to the workers along with maintaining diversity in the workplace Based on the above discussion, I have learned that maintaining ethical norms in the workplace by taking into concern the benefits of the workers is quite indispensable element to reap available benefits and avoid the challenges. This particular case certainly revealed the challenges associated with the management might unfavorably influence the families of the workers particularly in the domain of health care. As a healthcare manager, the implications of the case provided can be ascertained as strengthening the interests of the workers as per their respective needs for delivering quality services to the patients. Goldsmith, M. (2008). Human resources: the big issues. Retrieved from

Tourism is only about the pursuit of pleasure Essay

Tourism is only about the pursuit of pleasure - Essay Example South East European Journal of Economics & Business. In the past decades, there is a continuous development of how individuals allocate their free time on leisure activities and trips. Leisure time is what separates an individual's life from work or school activities, mainly focusing on the purpose to enjoy. In most cases, leisure time is allocated during holiday and vacation dates wherein people travel. Tourism is defined as the utilization of leisure time to travel and visit various destinations. It is an activity in which people participate in, but is not considered a necessity for daily living. There is also an evident growth worldwide in regards to economic development in various countries. In accordance to its economical contributions, governments perceive tourism as a channel that offers employment opportunities. In regards to the leisure aspect, it has also defines an individual's quality of life, as it enables one to bask in a more suitable ambiance of relaxation away from d aily activities at work and home. Perez, E.A. (2000). Tourist expenditure for mass tourism markets. Annals of Tourism Research. Tourism is both viewed as a right and an opportunity. The notion of tourism becoming an individual's right is associated with holiday privileges that usually encourage and promote tourism. The opportunity aspect is associated with less privileged nations who employ tourism strategies. Traveling in a global scale has been made easier due to better rates in airlines and tourism packages. People using money on facultative services like travel and tourism has been perceived as an inexpensive commodity as compared to other household allocations. Farrell, B. and Twining-Ward, L. (2004). Reconceptualizing tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. The emergence of credit cards have fortified the convenience of participating in travel opportunities. Apart from that, the development in technology has also made booking flights and hotel reservations easier and faster. In t his regard, tourism continues to be integrated in peoples' lives as an activity one can engage in. Wang, N. (1999). Rethinking authenticity in tourism experience. Annals of Tourism Research. Tourism is now deemed as a social construct that modified society from traditional industries of production and manufacturing, into consumer centric based services. Many countries have also taken part in increasing leisure time through holiday entitlements, so that they may be able to involve themselves with leisure activities such as tourism. Wang (1999) had conceptualized a framework that embodies the system applied in tourism that encompasses the tourist, a destination and transportation. It is a cycle wherein a tourist visits a certain destination and returns after a period of time. During travels, people also engage in tours that allow them to visit localities in their area of destination. Bruner, E. (1991). Transformation of self in tourism. Annals of Tourism Research. In evaluating touris m, one must consider the following: (1) The purpose of the travel, which can be celebration, annual visits, business or holiday purposes; (2) The duration of the tourism activity; and the (3) projected situations during the tourism visit. The purposes of travel or tourism visit can vary, but it all falls under the motive of pleasure. Tourism is considered as an experience on the basis of seeking

Early Matrimony is Ineluctable Mistake Essay Example for Free

Early Matrimony is Ineluctable Mistake Essay For certain countries such as the poor countries of the Middle East and Africa, their young women are traditionally made to believe that only by marrying young can they get out of the quagmire that their current life has placed them in. The men of these countries do not have much to fear, but the women, most of whom are married off as early as the ages of 10 and 12 years old, they sometimes pay with their lives for such a mistake. The women of these countries are most often trained to accept that early marriage is an inescapable part of their lives and they cannot do anything but accept it. Such early marriages are an acceptable tradition in these countries and is most often done using only the tribes specific traditions and therefore are not registered by the state thus making such unions illegal. But because the women do not understand any of these things, they stay in what they believe to be a life long commitment. In the United States, early marriages occur within the youth of the country between the ages of 15-17 with less harsher outcomes, although still with ineluctable mistakes. I will discuss that in the latter part of this paper. For now, I would like to concentrate on the unfair practice of early marriages in the Middle East and certain countries in Asia. Most of these so called child marriages happen in the outback countries like Nigeria, Central African Republic, Nepal, Uganda, and Bangladesh to name but only a few of these countries. A recent UN report entitled â€Å"Child Protection from Violence, Exploitation, and Abuse† noted that such early marriages occur in the rural settings possibly because of the way those of little or no education equate female youth with fertility. A part of the report indicates that â€Å"Child marriage is associated with high levels of fertility. For example in Colombia, 1 per cent of women with no children, 35 per cent of women with one or two children, 72 per cent of women with 3 or 4 children and 87 per cent of women with 5 or more children were married by age 18 (UNICEF estimates based on DHS 2000). â€Å" A family’s finances play a major part in the decision to turn their daughters into a child bride. The simple minded folk of these nations believe that by marrying off their child early, they are rid of an economic burden since in their culture, there are certain activities women simply are not allowed to perform even if they are capable of doing so. For such young marriages, the unions signify that the child will manage to survive even away from the family. Such marriages may also be orchestrated by the family of the girl because they believe that by marrying off their daughter at an early age, she will be protected from sexual abuse because she already has her husband to protect her. Sometimes, the reason for the marriage is also as simple as trying to insure that the child will grow into womanhood without the possibility of having a bastard child. Although the family of the female child has good intentions for marrying off their child at an early age, their lack of formal education limits their knowledge of the highly life threatening aftermaths of such early marriages. A child trapped in an early marriage no longer has a future ahead of her as she is expected to comply with the tradition wherein the married child no longer attends school and instead tends to her family. These countries also have very poor sanitation and healthcare facilities, hence the high rate of sexually transmitted disease in the area. The child brides are faced with a constant stream of premature pregnancies and infant deaths. Reports say that these women also most often than not test positive for HIV/ AIDS. Perhaps the saddest part of these young marriages in Asia and the Middle East is that the little girls are often abused by their pre-arranged spouses. This is not to say that the little girls who choose their own spouses do not get punished once they marry a man who is not the choice of their parents. In such cases, once a spouse or family senses that their family honor has been tarnished, they are most often killed by â€Å"honor killings† which hope to restore their family names. Indeed, for such countries, early matrimony, early marriage is indeed an inescapable mistake. The repercussions of such marriages see the under aged women paying for their mistake with their lives. For death it seems, is the only way out of such marriages in that part of the world where females are valued more as a property than a person. Nobody tries to inform the women that they can get out of their current situation simply by getting an education and using it to get out of their early marriage before they commit any more serious mistakes. Over in our part of the world, The United States also has its own share of early marriages. But there is a marked difference between the Mid East and African problem and ours. Mainly because even though early marriages are sometimes entered into by the youths of the land, they do not have to choose to remain in the marriage if it is not working for them. That is an option that I can only wish for the rest of the world to leave open for the mistakes of youth. In our country, such early marriages are deemed illegal by law and is therefore prohibited. Although, marrying young with a duly accomplished parental consent form is allowed. An early marriage in our country is one that is entered into by parties within the 14-19 age bracket. Even though both the young man and young woman have the support of both sides of the family, the marriage still fails with some inescapable and life changing results. In the article â€Å"Marrying Minors: Are They Making a Mistake? † staff writer Elizabeth Alvarado discusses the reasons as to why marrying young, even for American youth, is a big mistake. Using actual early marriage experiences as related by those women who were at one time or another involved in such a relationship, she explains how the law known as Dissolution of Marriage more commonly known as Divorce, allows the parties to leave the marriage but forces them to face the life long mistakes that decision to marry young has placed upon their young shoulders. There was a time in the past 40 years that young men and women often married even before they completed their high school education. When the Brigham Young University conducted a study related to the issue, they discovered that there was an 80 % divorce rate among those youths who married at the age of 14. Such statistics can be considered very high when compared to the 45 % of failed 20 year old marriages and 30 % of the 23 year olds. Such mistakes may be attributed to the follies of youth. At such ages, teenagers are not yet mentally mature nor emotionally ready to handle the big responsibilities that come with married life. They are still in their selfish stage and think that everything in life is a game. Which is why as the maturity begins to set in, so do the changes in attitude and perspectives of the mates involved in the marriage. Most of the youth involved in early marriages also run a very high risk of never completing their college education because of the way decisions have to be made differently when a couple is married. There is also that foreseeable outcome of the couple having children. Children are the most inescapable mistake of marrying young. Children suffer the most because their parents were not ready emotionally, socially, and financially to deal with the presence of a child. In such events, the mother most often has to quit school and care for the child. In this respect, she becomes no more different than her Middle East and African counterparts who sacrifice themselves in the name of motherhood. Although, unlike the men in the previous scenario, who are usually twice the age of their wives and therefore more mature and able to handle the situation better, their American counterparts are barely out of short pants themselves and find themselves lost when it comes to dealing with the reality of a family and fatherhood. Once the mistakes begin to pile up in this scenario, both parties become disillusioned and wish for nothing more than to end the nightmare of a marriage they so willingly entered into at first. Leaving behind the most irrevocable, real mistake that they will have to deal with for the rest of their lives. The fact that they brought a life into this world and that living person will be the constant reminded to them as to why early marriage most often than not fails to survive. After hearing the facts and supporting arguments I believe that you will agree with me that marrying young does not have to be an inescapable mistake for the youth involved in such marriages at the moment. It is true that there will be inescapable results stemming from the marriage, but with proper education, nobody has to remain in an early marriage that is proving to be disastrous for them as individuals.

Adolf Hitler :: essays research papers fc

Adolf Hitler’s Early Years Adolf Hitler’s childhood was different than most, but alike at the same time. Here you will see what went on in his family, what happened during decision making of secondary school, and what he did after school before he became the man everyone knows. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889. Adolf lived with his family on a small farm outside of Linz, Austria. His mother’s name was Klara. Hitler became very attached to her in his childhood. Alois was the name of his father. His father was in the Austrian Civil Service. Alois was used to giving orders so he demanded a lot of chores around the farm for the children. When Hitler was seven, the family moved off the farm to Lambach, Austria. To Hitler this meant fewer chores and more time for play. There Hitler went to an old Catholic Benedictine Monastery School. He took part in boy’s choir and also did very well at this school. He thought very highly of the priest and considered to be one for a while. At age nine he was caught smoking a cigarette by a priest. He was forgiven and not punished. His brother, Alois, Jr., described Hitler as quick to anger. He loved to play Cowboys and Indians when he was young. This gave way to battle re-enactments. Adolf’s little broth er, Edmund, died at the age of 6 from the measles. This was the first time Hitler had to confront a real death instead of the fake ones he sees when he was playing. This seemed to shake him up badly. His little brother was buried in a cemetery right outside of Hitler’s room. He developed a dream to be an artist before he entered secondary school (1). There were two different secondary schools, classical and technical. Hitler wanted to enter the classical school to become an artist, but his father wanted him to follow in his footsteps and go to the technical school. He ended up going to the technical school and did not do so well. He was held back his first year. Hitler thought that if his father would see how poorly he was doing in technical school that his father would allow him to go to the classical school where he could fulfill his dream. This career choice brought many arguments between Adolf and his father because his father thought that the idea of becoming an artist was ridiculous. Adolf Hitler :: essays research papers fc Adolf Hitler’s Early Years Adolf Hitler’s childhood was different than most, but alike at the same time. Here you will see what went on in his family, what happened during decision making of secondary school, and what he did after school before he became the man everyone knows. Adolf Hitler was born April 20, 1889. Adolf lived with his family on a small farm outside of Linz, Austria. His mother’s name was Klara. Hitler became very attached to her in his childhood. Alois was the name of his father. His father was in the Austrian Civil Service. Alois was used to giving orders so he demanded a lot of chores around the farm for the children. When Hitler was seven, the family moved off the farm to Lambach, Austria. To Hitler this meant fewer chores and more time for play. There Hitler went to an old Catholic Benedictine Monastery School. He took part in boy’s choir and also did very well at this school. He thought very highly of the priest and considered to be one for a while. At age nine he was caught smoking a cigarette by a priest. He was forgiven and not punished. His brother, Alois, Jr., described Hitler as quick to anger. He loved to play Cowboys and Indians when he was young. This gave way to battle re-enactments. Adolf’s little broth er, Edmund, died at the age of 6 from the measles. This was the first time Hitler had to confront a real death instead of the fake ones he sees when he was playing. This seemed to shake him up badly. His little brother was buried in a cemetery right outside of Hitler’s room. He developed a dream to be an artist before he entered secondary school (1). There were two different secondary schools, classical and technical. Hitler wanted to enter the classical school to become an artist, but his father wanted him to follow in his footsteps and go to the technical school. He ended up going to the technical school and did not do so well. He was held back his first year. Hitler thought that if his father would see how poorly he was doing in technical school that his father would allow him to go to the classical school where he could fulfill his dream. This career choice brought many arguments between Adolf and his father because his father thought that the idea of becoming an artist was ridiculous.

Humans & Errors Essay

Humans, by nature, are prone to errors. Most likely, its creation is close to errors as well. Since software is one of the many unique things man has made, it also has a high probability to fall into errors. Accordingly, the software that is used to write a Java programming language may contain errors, too. Programmers saw this problem, thus, created an error-handling system that could look in to the world of programming particularly the Java language and its runtime environment. The runtime errors found in Java are otherwise and collectively regarded as exceptions, and the procedure to uncover and deal with such errors is what we call exception handling (Cohn, Morgan, Morrison, Nygard, Joshi, & Trinko, 1996). This describes how closely runtime errors, exception, and exception handling are related to each other. Exception handling is a process. Its main purpose is to detect and take action to exceptions in the most trusted manner. Exception, on the other hand, is the term used as an alternative for errors. This is because exception stands for exceptional or abnormal forms that are not essentially considered errors. Since technology is growing so fast, exception handling becomes important in such a way that it is used as a tool to improve the management of errors as they grow together with technology. Exception handling is a standard approach to the growing number of errors. Precisely, it is important in managing runtime errors because it has an innate characteristic to separate error-handling code from its functional program code. Apart from that, it provides a certain method of call stack wherein the method used to resolve a higher level of error can be used for lower ones. References Cohn, C. , Morgan, B. , Morrison, M. , Nygard, M. , Joshi D. , and Trinko T. (1996). Java Developer’s Reference. Indianapolis: Sams. net Publishing

A Tragic Story Of Jerry Cruncher English Literature Essay

Jerry Cruncher is a Victorian joker in a tragic narrative. Transitioning from Jerry Cruncher ‘s amusing life to Lucie Manette ‘s tragic life creates a hearty balance go forthing the reader desiring more from each scene. His lower category dark wit contrasts the visible radiation and aired tone of the blue bloods established by Charles Dickens, the writer of â€Å" A Tale of Two Cities † . With such a sad narrative, Dickens uses Jerry Cruncher sparsely and efficaciously to supply amusing alleviation, dark comedy, and societal sarcasm to interrupt the melodrama and do the reader laugh merely plenty before immersing back into the love, decease, and unhappiness. The character Jerry Cruncher refers to himself as an honorable shopkeeper, an dry statement made by a adult male whose trade is sedate robbing. He describes this occupation as, â€Å" Goin ‘ fishing † , which is a lampoon of the chief subject, Resurrection ( Dickens chapter 20 ) . Many characters go through a Resurrection throughout the novel and it ‘s merely suiting for Jerry Cruncher ‘s â€Å" Resurrection † to be delving up organic structures. This amusing alleviation shows how Dickens is a maestro of balance. Sydney Carton, whose Resurrection is the most of import, is balanced by the amusing Resurrection of Jerry Cruncher. Ironically, it is because of this occupation that Sydney Carton can blackjack Solomon. Since Jerry dug up Roger Cly ‘s grave and did n't happen anything but stones, Sydney uses this as purchase ( the chapter with the rubric named about cards or whatever ) . This amusing state of affairs, and Jerry Cruncher surprisingly assisting non aching the state of affairs, non merely continues the subject of Resurrection, in a alone Jerry Cruncher-esque manner, but besides provides amusing alleviation to an otherwise serious secret plan turn. His idiom besides provides amusing alleviation. The chief characters speak in a prosaic, consider tone while Jerry speaks in a haphazard, random tone. The words he uses to depict serious things puts the reader at easiness. He describes sedate robbing as fishing, he describes praying as flopping, and he uses a â€Å" tungsten † for the missive â€Å" V † . These small things, Dickens is a great maestro of inside informations, assist equilibrate out the heavy dramatic subdivisions. Not merely is Jerry ‘s idiom good story, but the fact that Jerry negotiations to himself throughout the novel is every bit good. The ground he talks to himself is n't explained in the novel but it is still a genius word picture and continues Jerry ‘s hallmark amusing alleviation in serious state of affairss. Many of the funniest minutes of the novel are the conversations Jerry has with himself. Dickens uses Jerry Cruncher for dark comedy excessively. Jerry beats his married woman against the wall because she is praying, or â€Å" flopping † as Jerry calls it, for him ( Dickens chapter 14 ) . This kind of comedy can be misunderstood but Dickens ‘s usage, merely plenty, makes for more comedy in the state of affairs instead than the dark. He complains that she is praying for him and admonishes her for her aid, but the Crunchers are a lower category household and do necessitate aid to better supply for themselves. It ‘s a paradox ; Jerry wants to be good off but does n't take the aid that he needs. In the very terminal of the novel, Jerry repents about his incorrect behaviors. He pledges to be a sedate digger non a robber, and pledges to let his married woman to pray for him ( dickens terminal of book find it ) . This alteration is the concluding amusing alleviation. The realisation was expected but ne'er envisioned, for, Jerry, seemed to be the character that would n't alter in the book. Dickens, nevertheless, used this alteration to be the concluding comedy to supplement the terminal of Sydney Carton. Jerry Cruncher is a better and funnier character by altering into a sympathetic and normal individual. Wife crushing usually is n't amusing, but in the context of the state of affairs, Dickens manages it good. Jerry ‘s married woman is seeking to assist her hubby and her kid by turning to faith. He tells her to halt praying for him and that he does n't necessitate faith. After he fails at happening a organic structure to delve up, he beats her. Jerry Cruncher crushing his despairing married woman, merely seeking to assist, could be highly violative, but in the custodies of Dickens, is dark comedy at its best. With books like â€Å" Oliver Twist † and â€Å" Great Expectations † , Dickens masterfully satirizes the lower category and â€Å" A Tale of Two Cities † is no exclusion. Social sarcasm is a strength of Charles Dickens and by utilizing Jerry Cruncher ‘s character, he satirizes the lower category of London. The narratives go back and Forth between the Manettes, a rich, blue household and the Crunchers, a lower category household. The blunt contrast keeps the narrative alive and reviewing non leting the reader ‘s attending to roll. The Manettes day-to-day life, house conditions, and interaction are warm and ask foring. Lucie and Dr. Manette ne'er argue and ever talk to each other in a loving manner. And when Charles Darnay is added, Lucie ‘s and Charles ‘ conversations are every bit as loving. But with the Crunchers, their place is nil like the Manettes and every word uttered from Jerry is condescending towards his married woman. He beats h er with a shoe, with his fist ; with virtually anything and despite all of this, his boy still wants to be merely like him ; an sarcasm that Dickens uses often. The attitude Jerry has, ne'er accepting aid, in changeless denial of his illegal occupation, and maltreating his married woman, will be cyclical. Until person stairss in and rights all of Jerry ‘s wrongs, something his married woman would make if she could acquire a word in, small Cruncher will be an exact transcript of Jerry. Dickens even explicates this in his usual witty sarcasm in Chapter whatever look it up ( Dickens etc ) . This dry rhythm was directed towards the hapless. His societal commentary was to carry the hapless to assist themselves and utilize their milieus, the people they knew, and even faith to actuate and animate them to achieve a better life or at least create a better life for their kids. Jerry ‘s composite, a mastermind failing Dickens gives him, allows Jerry to do his ain Resurrection at the terminal of a book giving a sweet satisfaction to the reader. The many utilizations Jerry is used for is amazing. Jerry acts as a ironist, being a typical hapless male ne'er accepting anyone ‘s aid, a comedian supplying amusing alleviation, and a counter weight to set to the heavy melodramatic plot line of love, decease, and Resurrection. By utilizing Jerry as interruption point, the reader is able to recover their emotions lost in the old chapter. One would believe that Jerry Cruncher, with his many utilizations, would resemble more of a chief character than a minor character. Merely the glare of a great author, like Dickens, can film over the boundaries of the chief and minor characters making stimulating and every bit competent minor characters able to transport their weight, and sometimes even more so, than major characters. The manner Dickens is able to satirise so many state of affairss with utilizing merely one character is singular and shows why Dickens is considered to some as the greatest novelist in the English linguistic commu nication. With Jerry Cruncher going a dynamic character in the terminal, his character transcends minor character and becomes an in between, a in-between character. His amusing alleviation breaks the reader from the weightiness of play and allows the reader to be entertained and laugh merely long plenty before Dickens goes right back into the action. The upper category, the Manettes, provide the calamity, while the lower category, the Crunchers, provide the comedy. Jerry Cruncher was non merely a amusing character, but helped Dickens alter the universe by being Dickens ‘s whipping boy to the hapless. Social sarcasm amusing alleviation dark comedy, Amusing alleviation, delving Gravess etc, Dark comedy- married woman whipping, flopping, Social satire- the lower category, the difference the contrast of the upper category, lower category are treated less but their attitudes do n't let them to be helped, his boy wants to copy him etc,